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William 2017-12-18
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William老师在实际教学中见过的一些错误:
The reason why caused this problem is that…
问题出在哪里?
出在定语从句关系词的选择上
关系词一般有三种选择
1、关系代词 which that who whom
2、介词+关系代词 介词+which ; 介词+whom
3、关系副词 where when how why
看下面两个正确的句子:
This is the restaurant where(或者in which)I had my lunch.
This is the restaurant that/which I havetold you before.
两个定语从句的先行词同样都是restaurant,为什么第一句应该用where或者in which来引导,而第二句用的却是最简单的关系代词呢?
实际上我们只需要把restaurant放到定语从句里面去看,这个问题就会迎刃而解:
第一个句子把restaurant放进定语从句是:
I had my lunch in the restaurant
第二个句子把restaurant放进定语从句是:
I have told you the restaurant before
在第一个句子中restaurant和原句 I had my lunch 中间有一个介词in。这个介词表现了我吃午饭和这家餐厅之间的一个事件发生地点性质的关系。
如果把原句写成this is the restaurant which I had my lunch的话,也就是没有了这个in, 这一层地点上的关系就没有了。此时最简单的保留这层关系的方法就是把这个“in”留下来
可以写成:
“This is the restaurant in which I had my lunch.”
也可以写成:
“This is the restaurant which I had my lunch in.”
两种写法中第一种写法比较规范。
此时由于这是一层事件发生地点性质的关系,此时也可以用关系副词where来体现restaurant 是后面I had my lunch发生的地点。
写成:
“This is the restaurant where I had my lunch”
这种写法中,由于where已经体现了restaurant是I had my lunch这件事发生的地点,原来的in就不要再写了。
第二个句子为什么不用in which或者where呢?
这是因为 I have told you the restaurant before 中 restaurant 做的不再是一个地点,而是这个句子两个宾语的其中之一(另一个是you)。既然不再是一个地点性质的关系(即 I have told you 这件事不是发生在restaurant中的),那么就应该直接用关系代词which来代替restaurant 就可以了(这个which自然也就承担了restaurant在后面句子中的宾语角色)。
再举个例子:
The reason why caused this problem is that … 这一句为什么不对
这是因为reason放进后面的定语从句后应该是The reason caused this problem
此时reason是后面定语从句的主语,此时直接用which代替它就可以了:
那什么时候应该在reason后面加why引导的定语从句呢?
范例:Money is the only reason why he joined our group.
这里为什么又应该用why来引导呢?因为reason放到后面的句子中,写出来应该是:he joined our group for this reason,有一层for的关系。
正确的写法是:
Money is the only reason for which he joined our group.
或Money is the only reason why he joined our group.
练习(答案滑动见下方):
1-1:This is the best model of the TV set ______ the factory produced last year.
1-2:Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______ Hangzhou is famous in the world.
1-3:This is the rule ______ we should comply.
1-4:This is the reason ______ I come to this place
1-5:This is the reason ______ caused this problem.
1-6:This is the place ______ emperors hold formal receptions for foreign envoys(外国使节)
1-7:The extent ______ its figure had changed is positively correlated with the time people in this group had spent in this project.
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1-1:Which; that
1-2:for which
1-3:with which
1-4:why; for which
1-5:which; that
1-6:where; in which
1-7:to which
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